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The Marquis Christian de Bonchamps (15 June 1860 – 9 December 1919)〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Christian de Bonchamps )〕 was a French explorer in Africa and a colonial officer in the French Empire during the late 19th- early 20th-century epoch known as the "Scramble for Africa", who played an important role in two of the more notorious incidents of the period. ==The Stairs Expedition== (詳細はcavalry officer in France and then spent several seasons in North America, hunting in the Rocky Mountains. In 1891 he was appointed third officer of the Stairs Expedition which aimed to take possession of Katanga in Central Africa for the Belgian King Leopold II, with or without the consent of its king, Msiri.〔Moloney, Joseph A. (1893). ''With Captain Stairs to Katanga''. London: S. Low, Marston & Company.〕 When treaty negotiations with Msiri reached a stalemate, de Bonchamps proposed capturing Msiri and holding him hostage. Msiri typically had 300 armed warriors at his stockade, but de Bonchamps had discovered that every night, he would leave with just a handful of guards to visit his favorite wife, Maria de Fonseca, at her compound nearly two miles away.〔 Captain Stairs rejected the idea of the ambush in favour of an ultimatum, and this led to a confrontation in which Captain Omer Bodson shot Msiri dead. De Bonchamps was the first of the other officers to reach the scene of the shooting, and it fell to him to restore order in the chaos and to evacuate the wounded, including the dying Bodson after he had been shot in turn by one of Msiri's men.〔 In the aftermath, de Bonchamps and most of the expedition was incapacitated by disease and starvation. Once relieved by another expedition, they suffered hardships and starvation on the return journey to Zanzibar. De Bonchamps was in command of the expedition when Stairs was ill and after he died on the Zambezi. Only half of the expedition's total of 405 men survived. After returning to Paris, de Bonchamps gave his journal to writer Léon Delmas who, using the pseudonym René du Pont-Jest, published in the 1892-93 issues of the magazine ''Tour du Monde'' (''World Tour''), an account of the events, entitled ''L'Expédition du Katanga''. In this magazine narrative, de Bonchamps revealed that the expedition had cut off Msiri's head and hoisted it on a pole in plain view as a "barbaric lesson" to his people, a fact which the English account by Joseph Moloney omitted.〔Pont-Jest, René de (1893). ''L'Expédition du Katanga, d'après les notes de voyage du marquis Christian de BONCHAMPS'', in: Édouard Charton (editor): ''Le Tour du Monde'' magazine, also published bound in two volumes by Hachette, Paris. Available online at (www.collin.francois.free.fr/Le_tour_du_monde/ )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Christian de Bonchamps」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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